This review summarises five years of work by the Global Anti-Scam Organisation (GASO) from 2021 to 2025, documenting operational impact across scam-linked trafficking, forced labour, and transnational fraud in Southeast Asia. Much of this work prioritised time-critical harm reduction and field decision-making over documentation, making this the first consolidated account of outcomes, constraints, and lessons learned.

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Despite increased public attention, scam ecosystems have adapted rather than diminished, reinforcing need for sustained, risk-aware intervention focused on structural vulnerabilities rather than visibility or scale.